Microfluidic-based technology attracts great interest in cell biology and medicine, in virtue\nof the ability to better mimic the in vivo cell microenvironment compared to conventional macroscale\ncell culture platforms. Recent Organs-on-chip (OoC) models allow to reproduce in vitro tissue\nand organ-level functions of living organs and systems. These models have been applied for the\nstudy of specific functions of the female reproductive tract, which is composed of several organs\ninterconnected through intricate endocrine pathways and communication mechanisms. To date,\na disease and toxicology study of this system has been difficult to perform. Thus, there is a compelling\nneed to develop innovative platforms for the generation of disease model and for performing drug\ntoxicity/screening in vitro studies. This review is focused on the analysis of recently published OoC\nmodels that recreate pathological and physiological characteristics of the female reproductive organs\nand tissues. These models aim to be used to assess changes in metabolic activity of the specific cell\ntypes and the effect of exposure to hormonal treatment or chemical substances on some aspects of\nreproduction and fertility. We examined these models in terms of device specifications, operating\nprocedures, accuracy for studying the biochemical and functional activity of living tissues and the\nparacrine signalling that occurs within the different tissues. These models represent a powerful tool for\nunderstanding important diseases and syndromes affecting women all around the world. Immediate\nadoption of these models will allow to clarify diseases, causes and adverse events occurring during\npregnancy such as pre-eclampsia, infertility or preterm birth, endometriosis and infertility.
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